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　　電(dian)(dian)池(chi)（battery）指盛有電(dian)(dian)解質溶液和(he)金屬電(dian)(dian)極以產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)流的杯(bei)、槽或其他容(rong)器(qi)或復合容(rong)器(qi)的部分空間。隨著科技的進步，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)泛指能(neng)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的小(xiao)型裝置。如(ru)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能(neng)參數主要有電(dian)(dian)動勢、容(rong)量(liang)(liang)、比(bi)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)和(he)電(dian)(dian)阻。

　　(1)電池(chi)的開路電壓；

　　(2)電池的內阻；

　　(3)電池(chi)的工作電壓(ya)；

　　(4)充(chong)電電壓(ya)；

　　充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)是指二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源加在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)兩端的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的基(ji)本方法有恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。一般采用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其特(te)點時(shi)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流恒(heng)(heng)定不變。隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的進(jin)行，活性(xing)物質被(bei)恢復，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)反應面積不斷縮小，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的極(ji)化逐(zhu)漸增高(gao)。

　　(5)電池容量(liang)；

　　電池容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)指從電池獲(huo)得電量(liang)(liang)(liang)的量(liang)(liang)(liang)，常(chang)用C表(biao)示，單(dan)位常(chang)用Ah或mAh表(biao)示。容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)電池電性能(neng)的重要指標(biao)。電池的容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)通常(chang)分為理論容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、實際容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)額定容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。

　　電池容量(liang)由電極(ji)的容量(liang)決定，若電極(ji)的容量(liang)不(bu)等，電池的容量(liang)取決于容量(liang)小的那(nei)個電極(ji)，但決不(bu)是正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)容量(liang)之和。

　　(6)電池的貯存性能和壽命；

　　化(hua)學電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)主要特點之一是在使用(yong)時能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)放(fang)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，不(bu)用(yong)時能(neng)(neng)(neng)貯存電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。所謂貯存性能(neng)(neng)(neng)對于(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來(lai)說為充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保持能(neng)(neng)(neng)力。對于(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使用(yong)壽(shou)命時衡量電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)好(hao)壞的(de)一個重要參數。二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經過一次(ci)(ci)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，稱為一個周期（或一次(ci)(ci)循環）。在一定的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)制度下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量達到某一規定值之前電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)經受的(de)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)(ci)數稱為二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用(yong)周期。