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　　人(ren)有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)老(lao)病死(si)，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)有(you)產(chan)用(yong)衰廢，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)總歸是(shi)有(you)無法再次用(yong)而(er)不得(de)不報廢的(de)一天，人(ren)們(men)(men)把這(zhe)種現象稱為鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)壽命。人(ren)自誕生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)日起(qi)已(yi)經(jing)決定(ding)(ding)了生(sheng)(sheng)命的(de)極限，這(zhe)是(shi)無法改變(bian)的(de)，不過，人(ren)們(men)(men)日常(chang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活習慣是(shi)否科學可以(yi)決定(ding)(ding)在這(zhe)一極限內(nei)的(de)延展長度(du)；鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)自下線那(nei)一刻起(qi)，也(ye)已(yi)經(jing)有(you)了一個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)命的(de)上(shang)限，同樣的(de)，是(shi)否科學地(di)使用(yong)和保(bao)養鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)決定(ding)(ding)了鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)在其生(sheng)(sheng)命上(shang)限內(nei)的(de)延展長度(du)。這(zhe)個(ge)長度(du)，用(yong)充放電(dian)周期來(lai)表示，不同類型的(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池(chi)它們(men)(men)天然壽命（即理論上(shang)的(de)充放電(dian)周期）并不一致，為方便起(qi)見(jian)，我們(men)(men)用(yong)最(zui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)手(shou)機鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)對此予以(yi)說明。

　　人們(men)經常聽到的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)說法(fa)是(shi)(shi)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)是(shi)(shi)“500次”，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)原理意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)“次”指的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)循環(huan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)，也就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)完全充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)周期，行(xing)業內的(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)：放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)×充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數(shu)＝循環(huan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)，在(zai)數(shu)值上放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)為80%，至少要充(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)625次，即80%×625＝500（次）。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)占其額定容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)百分比。之所以用(yong)80%放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)，是(shi)(shi)因為放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)有(you)密切(qie)關系，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)會(hui)縮(suo)短。我們(men)在(zai)手(shou)(shou)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)日常使用(yong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，當(dang)手(shou)(shou)機提(ti)醒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)過(guo)低時，就要開始充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)。因此(ci)說，500次的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)就是(shi)(shi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理論壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)。

　　由于(yu)人(ren)們(men)并不(bu)能(neng)完全(quan)注(zhu)意到及時充電(dian)(dian)這個問(wen)題(ti)，所以(yi)，一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)生(sheng)產線上下來的鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，廠家在試驗(yan)條(tiao)(tiao)件下測試出的理論壽命(ming)，并不(bu)一(yi)定您(nin)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)能(neng)達到，對(dui)于(yu)您(nin)的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)來說就(jiu)是：實際(ji)充電(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu)×放電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度=實際(ji)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)。循環壽命(ming)的概念明確后，我們(men)就(jiu)能(neng)夠(gou)將其(qi)與銷售商/消費者(zhe)所稱的“充電(dian)(dian)×××次(ci)”及“充電(dian)(dian)×年”相區別。

　　售賣電(dian)(dian)器或電(dian)(dian)池(chi)上標識的可反復充電(dian)(dian)次(ci)數，都是(shi)以80%放電(dian)(dian)深(shen)度為基礎的。所以有人聽到“500次(ci)”的說(shuo)法就(jiu)以為一定要(yao)把手機的電(dian)(dian)量放完再進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)個(ge)想法理論上不科學，實(shi)踐中也是(shi)錯誤(wu)的，這(zhe)樣做(zuo)，恰恰會(hui)因過(guo)充或者過(guo)放使(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)結構過(guo)早遭到破(po)壞(huai)，反而縮(suo)短了鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的使(shi)用壽命。

　　另外(wai)(wai)一個常見(jian)的(de)(de)現象(xiang)是(shi)，手(shou)機廠家通常會對電池(chi)做出使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)若(ruo)干年，保修(xiu)一年的(de)(de)承諾，這一承諾實(shi)際上來自(zi)于電池(chi)制造商，正如本文開頭(tou)所說，鋰(li)電池(chi)實(shi)際能(neng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)多少(shao)年，與鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)正確使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法緊(jin)密關聯，除了規定的(de)(de)放電深度（即防過(guo)放）及防過(guo)充(chong)之外(wai)(wai)，還有(you)一些(xie)因素(su)會影響鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)，如電流和電壓(ya)的(de)(de)大小、環境的(de)(de)冷暖(nuan)、閑置時的(de)(de)電量保持等(deng)。需要指(zhi)出的(de)(de)是(shi)，鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)自(zi)然壽命(ming)終究是(shi)有(you)上限的(de)(de)，我們平(ping)常說的(de)(de)“延長鋰(li)電池(chi)壽命(ming)”的(de)(de)方(fang)法，其實(shi)是(shi)指(zhi)，通過(guo)對鋰(li)電池(chi)的(de)(de)正確使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)和保養，使(shi)(shi)鋰(li)電池(chi)釋放更多的(de)(de)可以釋放的(de)(de)能(neng)量。