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　　鋰電池外殼特性；

　　鋰，原子(zi)(zi)序數(shu)3，原子(zi)(zi)量6.941，是(shi)最輕的堿金屬元素。為(wei)了(le)提(ti)升安全性及(ji)電壓，科學家們(men)發明(ming)了(le)用石墨及(ji)鈷酸鋰等(deng)材料來儲(chu)(chu)存鋰原子(zi)(zi)。這些材料的分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)結構(gou)，形成了(le)納米等(deng)級的細小儲(chu)(chu)存格子(zi)(zi)，可用來儲(chu)(chu)存鋰原子(zi)(zi)。這樣一(yi)來，即使(shi)是(shi)電池外殼破裂，氧氣進(jin)入，也會因氧分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)太大，進(jin)不了(le)這些細小的儲(chu)(chu)存格，使(shi)得鋰原子(zi)(zi)不會與氧氣接觸而避免爆(bao)炸(zha)。

　　鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)這種原理，使(shi)得(de)人們在獲得(de)它(ta)高容量(liang)密(mi)度的(de)(de)(de)同時，也(ye)達到安全的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池供應(ying)商提醒充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，正極的(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)原子(zi)會喪失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，氧化為鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)。鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)經由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液游到負(fu)極去(qu)，進入負(fu)極的(de)(de)(de)儲存(cun)格(ge)，并獲得(de)一個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，還(huan)原為鋰(li)(li)(li)原子(zi)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，整(zheng)個(ge)程序倒過來。為了防(fang)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)正負(fu)極直(zhi)接碰(peng)觸而短(duan)路，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內會再加(jia)上一種擁有(you)眾多(duo)細孔的(de)(de)(de)隔膜紙，來防(fang)止(zhi)短(duan)路。好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)隔膜紙還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度過高時，自動關(guan)閉細孔，讓鋰(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)無(wu)法(fa)穿(chuan)越，以(yi)自廢武功(gong)，防(fang)止(zhi)危險發(fa)生(sheng)。

　　告訴您(nin)如(ru)何進行保護(hu)措施

　　鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)芯(xin)(xin)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)4.2V后，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)開始(shi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)副作用。過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)愈(yu)高(gao)，危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)也跟著愈(yu)高(gao)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)4.2V后，正極(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)內剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)子(zi)數量(liang)(liang)不到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)，此時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲存(cun)(cun)格(ge)常會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)垮掉，讓(rang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)*性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)降。如果繼續充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲存(cun)(cun)格(ge)已經裝滿了鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)子(zi)，后續的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)堆積(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)表(biao)面。這(zhe)些(xie)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)子(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)由(you)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)表(biao)面往(wang)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向長出樹枝狀(zhuang)結(jie)晶(jing)。這(zhe)些(xie)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)結(jie)晶(jing)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)穿過(guo)(guo)隔膜紙(zhi)，使(shi)正負(fu)(fu)極(ji)短(duan)路。有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在短(duan)路發(fa)生(sheng)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)就(jiu)先爆炸(zha)，這(zhe)是(shi)因(yin)為在過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)過(guo)(guo)程，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液等材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)裂解(jie)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)氣(qi)體，使(shi)得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外殼(ke)或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力閥(fa)鼓漲(zhang)破裂，讓(rang)氧氣(qi)進(jin)去與(yu)堆積(ji)(ji)在負(fu)(fu)極(ji)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)子(zi)反應，進(jin)而爆炸(zha)。因(yin)此，鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)定(ding)要設(she)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，才可以同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兼(jian)顧到(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命、容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)、和安全性(xing)(xing)。理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)為4.2V。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也要有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下(xia)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)2.4V時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，部分材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)開始(shi)被破壞(huai)。又由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，放(fang)愈(yu)久(jiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)愈(yu)低，因(yin)此，放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)zui好不要放(fang)到(dao)(dao)2.4V才停止(zhi)。鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)從3.0V放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到(dao)(dao)2.4V這(zhe)段(duan)期(qi)間，所釋(shi)放(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)只占電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3%左右。因(yin)此，3.0V是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)截(jie)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，除了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)制(zhi)也有其必要。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)大時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)來不及進(jin)入儲存(cun)(cun)格(ge)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)聚集于(yu)(yu)(yu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)表(biao)面。這(zhe)些(xie)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)離子(zi)獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)后，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)表(biao)面產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)鋰(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)原(yuan)子(zi)結(jie)晶(jing)，這(zhe)與(yu)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)樣，會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)造成危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)。

　　因(yin)此，鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池總結對(dui)鋰(li)(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，至少(shao)要包含：充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)上限、放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下限、及電(dian)(dian)流上限三(san)項(xiang)。一(yi)般鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池組內，除了鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池芯外，都會(hui)有(you)一(yi)片(pian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板，這(zhe)片(pian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板主要就是提供這(zhe)三(san)項(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。但(dan)是，保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)板的(de)這(zhe)三(san)項(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)顯然是不夠的(de)，全球(qiu)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)池爆(bao)炸(zha)事件(jian)還是頻傳。要確保(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)池系統的(de)安全性，必須對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池爆(bao)炸(zha)的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)，進行(xing)更仔細的(de)分析。